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As an approximate guide, to convert Newtons to lbs per square inch bite force divide by 4. This suggests that although subadults possess a dental configuration more similar Dec 11, 2023 · Bite Force. Ask a science question, get a science answer. The most common result you’ll find online for a lion’s bite force is something around 600-700 PSI. 7. The forces involved. ) Jun 23, 2010 · Diminished bite force has been considered a defining feature of modern Homo sapiens, an interpretation inferred from the application of two-dimensional lever mechanics and the relative gracility of the human masticatory musculature and skull. The range of bite forces shown by animals is incredibly broad and is May 27, 2024 · According to a 2005 review of biting mammals, the gray wolf (Canis lupus) has the strongest bite of any canine, at 593 Newtons. Jun 2, 2021 · Compare that to the bite force of an adult T. A human adult’s maximum biting force ranges from 520-1,178 newtons depending on factors such as age and gender. It takes roughly 4000 Newtons (N) to break the human femur (the hardest bone in the human body). Bite force quotient. Nonetheless, an adult snapping turtle can bite through a human’s finger but certainly not the entire arm, as some writers believe. 17. With their powerful jaws, hippos can even kill a crocodile. The polar bear is the largest member of the bear family, and is found in the Arctic region. Current published bite force values for humans exist for molar and incisal biting, but few studies measure bite forces across all tooth typ … May 14, 2020 · The bite force of a human was obtained based on studies where the magnitude of the masticatory force is between 22 and 55 kg (200-550 N). This is extremely strong, and once made them the strongest bite animal in history. Sep 17, 2023 · Bite force refers to the amount of pressure that an animal’s jaw muscles can exert when biting down. In addition, it is an im-portant measure of masticatory performance (Helkimo et al. If you want to estimate the force of the snapping turtle’s bite, let me tell you that an average human can bite with a force of 160 to 180 newtons. rexes — based on reconstruction of the jaw muscles or from mathematically scaling down the bite force of adult T. Take, for example, lions. In theory, they have a strong enough bite to snap a crocodile in half if needed. This is well within the normal limits of the average person. sharp blow that delivers some 3,300 newtons of force has a 25 percent chance of cracking an average Of these attacks, 73 caused serious injury and 27 lead to fatalities. Apr 9, 2021 · The bite fork is made up of two metal rods with a plastic disk as the shell and it is connected to the digital monitor by a flexible cord. Jul 10, 2024 · While some animals, like alligators and lions, can chomp down with over 1,000 pounds of force, the average human bite force is only around 200–300 pounds of force. Apr 21, 2020 · The device used to measure this force is known as gnathodynamometer or occlusometer or simply bite force measuring (BFM) device . Mar 3, 2018 · A total of 88 patients, complete denture wearers (CDWs), were examined. We’ve put this beautiful beast for number one on our list despite a couple of reasons. Clearly, wolves have a stronger bite, making them formidable predators. 45 Pound-force: 6 Newtons = 1. doi: 10. Figure 6). This conclusion has various implications with regard to the evolution of human feeding behaviour. An object will remain at rest or continue to move in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. Animals possess varying levels of bite force, allowing them to hunt prey and defend themselves. 73 and 414. Hippos are capable of producing around 1,800 psi ( 8,100 Newtons) with their bite. Such an astounding bite force firmly places the alligator amongst the Gnathodynamometer. This comparison clarifies the fact that the jaws of the dog have limits to their force production ability human bite force newtons. This makes them the strongest biters among land animals. Jan 2, 2024 · Let’s put this in a human context for clarity: the bite force of an alligator is a staggering 15 times stronger than a human’s bite force. After removal and debridement, a larger diameter and longer (4. 8 times your mass in kilograms) Newtons, an adult human can produce a maximum bite force of just around 400-600 Newtons, and even an alligator can “only” manage around 4,500 Newtons. Lions kill their prey by biting its neck and either breaking it or suffocating the animals. This device can measure the bite force of humans in the following three measurements: newtons, (N), pounds, (lb), or kilograms, (kg). Humans, by comparison, have an average kick force of roughly Mar 18, 2021 · The bite force of the GSD jaws reported in our study corresponds to the average grip force of a 70- to 79-year-old man’s hand. In comparison, domestic dogs typically have bite forces ranging from 150 to 200 psi. [1] : 156. Jul 4, 2024 · Newton's first law of motion. bite force and an astounding 431,000 lbs. Brazil), on Newton scale. The average bite force of a human being is 140 pounds per square inch, (psi). The BSDMs’ bite force, in turn, corresponds to the mean grip force of the hand of a man aged over 80 years . J Dent Res 1999; 78(1): et al. Most of this reduction with increasing age was probably due to the age-dependent deterioration of the dentition. They can generate 4,450 Newtons of bite force. 1 N, and for non bruxists: 522. [1] This is their main killing weapon when hunting. Mar 16, 2016 · However, it is important to note that bite force is not solely determined by skull size but is also influenced by muscle strength and leverage. 124 Pound-force: 50 Newtons = 11. 3489 Pound-force: 100 25M subscribers in the askscience community. The device particularly works well in computing the bite force exerted by the incisor and molar teeth since the maximum bite force is exerted by them. Nov 28, 2016 · Results showed that the maximum grips ranged from 29. This immense biting power is essential for lions hunting and killing their prey. It comprises of a bite fork made up of two metal rods with plastic disks as an outer covering, connected to a digital display with a cord. The device can be adapted to the human oral cavity for bite force recording. Newton's third law of motion May 19, 2009 · May 19, 2009 at 6:25 pm. The bite force values obtained from these two have shown statistically significant differences in bite force levels ranging from 50 to 300 N. The device has a scale in kg or N and a “set to zero” button with a measuring capacity of 1000 N or 100 kg ( Vilela et al. 1 If the patient is measured at the high end of this range, then planning may need to include: ridge splitting expansion to increase bone volume, additional implants and splinting for support, narrow flat plane occlusal tables, anterior guided occlusal scheme, parafunction and dietary Feb 29, 2012 · In comparison, human biting force is usually documented as being less than 1,000 newtons, suggesting that T. The bite force of a great white shark is approximately 18,000 newtons or 4,000 psi. He uses a virtual model of a human skull to test its strength and efficiency in three dimensions. Considering the sharpness of the alligator snapping turtle Aug 6, 2016 · The maximum bite force (MBF) and maximal voluntary bite force (MVBF) of the human jaw can correlate to the wellbeing and oral health of the patient [1,2,3,4]. Some snapping turtles have recorded a biting force of up to 651 Newtons. rex — about 35,000 newtons — or to the puny biting power of humans: 300 newtons. May 17, 2017 · Human Behavior; Technology; Jaw muscles in Tyrannosaurus rex helped it generate an almost 8,000-lb. ) Because the crabs' pinching forces were significantly correlated to their body weights, the researchers calculated that a 4-kilogram coconut crab should be able to exert a shocking force of 3300 newtons with its claw. [1] Mar 26, 2024 · The Killer Whale has the strongest Bite Force in the Ocean: 19,000 PSI. 2020;237:529–542. , 1976; Journal of Anatomy. 05). The thickness of the bite fork is 14. Human bite force differs throughout the jaw, as teeth closer to the hinge of the jaw are able to exert more pressure. rex bite, the scientist compared the bite force generated to the equivalent of a medium-sized elephant sitting on a person. Compare the human bite force with that of other animals and see how it affects sports, forensics, and diet. A bite force of 22,000 Newtons has been recorded, higher than that of any other animal. The literature in this field of study indicates a number of research studies being performed on the relation to or measurement of human and animal bite forces [2,5,6,7,8,9]. 1. Aug 25, 2022 · They have a bite force of around 1,200 psi . The unit used for the bite force measurement is Newton (N). 3, putting them at a high spot of bears with the strongest bite pressure. 6 is accurate. 3 to 2. the saltwater crocodile is an impressively powerful animal with an incredibly strong bite force. It’s worth noting that bite force is not the only factor that determines how dangerous a shark is. Can you bite through a human finger as easily as a carrot? - BBC Science Focus Magazine. Aug 4, 2015 · The maximum bite force for a human male with normal teeth is about 777 Newtons, or 174 pounds; for females, it is about 481 Newtons, or 101 pounds. The maximum masticatory force in some people may reach up to 500 to 700 newtons (110 to 160 lbf ). The aardwolf is the smallest of hyenas, only reaching around 21 to 31 inches. , 2017 ). 0 Mar 19, 2023 · If confirmed, the strongest bite force could be that of the orca (Orcinus orca), estimated at 84,516 newtons by the Dutch Shark Society, distantly followed by the bite force of a great white shark We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. For context, a 2014 study found the average human bite force is 149-354 N, depending on age and sex. Maximum bite force curve, in newtons, according to age groups. They are smaller than most dogs, and only weigh The values found for the bite force decreased with increasing age, especially for the females. bite point in all molar emergence categories. The bite force is a reflection of the lever system of the mandible. Ontogenetic changes in the human masticatory complex suggest that bite force, a key measure of chewing performance, increases throughout growth and development. 9924 Pound-force: 25000 Newtons = 5620. Feb 16, 2024 · Close-up of a spotted hyena with mouth open. Human bites most often occur among children, but adults need to be cautious, as The Asiatic bear was believed to have a BFQ of around 44, but an updated study suggests 95. Also, humans can generate a power of around 1100 Newtons on their second molar. In comparison to other land animals, hippos have the strongest bite of them all. We note that there are considerable differences in the estimated body mass between specimens, for example the G. These estimates incorporate human and nonhuman pri-mate masticatory muscle architecture data to account for variations in both skeletal geometry and muscle architecture. 2 N) when compared to females (424. The average strength of a horse’s kick is 10000 Newtons (force), which equates to roughly 2248 pounds of force (lb. The presence of bruxism did not influence the bite force (mean maximum bite force value for bruxists: 490. adolescents and to study the various devices that measure Maximum V oluntary Bite. For example, a human might use 150 to 200 psi (890 newtons) to tear into a steak, while hyenas, lions, and tigers generate around 1,000 psi (4,450 newtons). The big difference may seem strange, but there’s a good reason for it. Jan 1, 2016 · to human bite force magnitude. The bull shark, for example, has a bite force of around 1,300 newtons (290 pounds) per square inch, while the tiger shark has a bite force of around 1,800 newtons (400 pounds) per square inch. Other shark species also have impressive bite forces. The procedure was repeated 3 times in identical conditions, with relaxation intervals of 1 minute between repeats and Jun 11, 2022 · The alligator snapping turtle has one of the strongest bites of any animal, with a bite force that can exert over 1000 pounds per square inch (psi) or 4,448 newtons (N). To put this in perspective, the average adult human bite force ranges from 300 to 700 N, highlighting the sheer power of the snapping turtle’s bite. When asked to give a “layman’s perspective” regarding the power of a T. A gnathodynamometer (or occlusometer) is an instrument for measuring the force exerted in closing the mouth. Polar Bear. That may seem pretty impressive, but a little context may prove otherwise. (a) Unscaled finite element models (FEMs). Bite force is an important attribute that determines the predatory and defensive abilities of an animal. When measured on a scale, the alligator snapping turtle has a bite force of almost 170 newtons, interestingly the common snapping turtle has a greater bite force. An alligator’s bite is so powerful that once it clamps down on something, simply prying its jaws open is virtually impossible. For comparison, the human bite can generate a force of up to 1,300 newtons at the molars, according to a 2010 The strength of a human bite varies greatly from person to person, and compared to other animal bites it is generally weaker. Bite force aside, great white sharks typically avoid human prey. Mar 10, 2023 · Scientists measure the amount of pressure exerted by an animal's bite in pounds per square inch (psi). per (34,522 newtons), a force equal to the To put that in context, the force of gravity acting on you right now (your weight) is (9. Lion Bite Force. Nov 11, 2023 · It’s estimated that the average bite force of an English bulldog is 210 pounds per square inch (psi). Here are three key points to consider: Hippo’s bite force: Hippos have an impressive bite force of around 1,800 pounds per square inch (psi) or 8,100 Newtons. Comparison to other animals. The human bite force is 162 psi. Apr 8, 2021 · The bite fork is made up of two metal rods with a plastic disk as the shell and it is connected to the digital monitor by a flexible cord. 8 times the body mass of al arcade (red bite force curv. The dental and bite force The mean maximum bite force was statistically higher for males (587. To put this into perspective, the average human bite force is only about 160 psi or 712 N. 8992 Pound-force: 40 Newtons = 8. The BFQ is calculated as the regression of the quotient of an animal's bite force in newtons divided by its body mass in kilograms. Humans typically have a range of 100-1200 newtons for their maximum bite force, however, some individuals have been known to exert up to 1500 newtons. 4 times the body mass of the P. 38 ( 2 ):139–144. The muscular system, including the jaw muscles, plays a significant role in generating force during a bite. The brown hyena is the second-largest hyena species, reaching 2. That's how much force it would take to punch through someone. Plus, Jun 27, 2024 · Image Credit: Jan Mlkvy, Shutterstock Newtons . Gray wolves live in North America, Eurasia and Africa. Using specially designed equipment, they measured the force exerted by a specific individual and recorded a jaw-dropping 16,414 Newtons, which translates to a jaw-dropping 3,689 pounds per square inch (psi). The concordance between examiners for Jan 6, 2023 · All You Need To Know About How Hard A Horse Kicks. pierre gagnaire restaurant paris / harry potter lego nintendo switch walkthrough / human bite force newtons. Fernandes et al have compared the bite force using a strain-gaged bite fork and a conductive polymer pressure-sensing resistor (force-sensing resistor). Jul 2, 2014 · Conclusion There are MBF variations that characterizes the human development stages, according to age groups. rex’s bite had a force of 8,000 to 13,400 Newtons, however for many years these figures have been questioned considering the dinosaur weighed around six tons. The study results were reported in Newtons, with some of the highest Jun 27, 2017 · A bite force measurement was taken and surprisingly was found to be 1,200 newtons (N), well above the published usual maximal of 900N. 6 ft, and weighs between 83 to 96 pounds. In both sexes the bite force was notably smaller among the denture wearers than among the dentate persons. This systematic The average common snapping turtle can bite with a force of about 210 Newtons; alligator snapping turtles aren't quite as powerful, with a bite force of 160 Newtons. 5 small cars) Killer Whale Bite Force [kg/cm²]: 1,336. Native to sub-Saharan Africa, these hyenas are predators, not scavengers like other hyenas. 05), regardless of the presence of bruxism. Nov 24, 2023 · Research has shown that adult common snapping turtles have a bite force ranging from 1000 to 1800 Newtons (N). This force is generated using a special ratchet system in the jaw and a modified mandible joint, which both work to store huge amounts of energy while the mouth is open and Apr 4, 2016 · With a crushing force of more than 16,000 newtons, they have the strongest bite of any animal on Earth, a distinction scientists believe they have likely maintained going back to the Mesozoic era Nov 22, 2021 · A hippos jaw has a 1800 PSI bite force. When compared with an American bulldog’s bite force at 305 psi, English bullies have a pretty weak bite. Saltwater crocodiles have the highest bite force at 16,414 Newtons, followed by Hippopotamuses with 8,100. Animals with stronger bite forces are capable of hunting and killing larger prey, and they are also able to defend themselves better Sep 13, 2023 · To date, research into canine bite force has historically used two different types of measurements: pounds newton’s and psi (pounds per square inch), and as you are about to see, the type of measurement tool used as well as the method of measurement used can wind up producing very different and even conflicting results. Sep 26, 2023 · Learn how the human bite force is measured in newtons per square centimeter (N/cm2) and how it varies depending on age, gender, dental health, and jaw size. It requires less than 200 newtons to bite through a raw carrot. Bite forces increased steadilyfromcentral incisors distally to the P3/dp. Analyzing fossils of 360 Jun 22, 2010 · A study by Stephen Wroe shows that human bite force ranges from 1,100 to 1,300 Newtons, beating some primates but lagging behind others. The bite force of some dogs can reach 250 psi, while some bears have a bite force of over 1,000 psi. 10 Abbreviations: PRE Jun 2, 2023 · Discover the jaw-dropping truth about the average human bite force! From jaw size to age and gender, find out what factors influence our bite strength. 6 mm. Killer Whale Bite Force [PSI]: 19,000 ( strongest bite force in the ocean: corresponds to 117x human bite force or 9. 6744 Pound-force: 30 Newtons = 6. 5 m) in length, weighing 694 lb (315 kg) makes them a sizable opponent for any animal. In the dp4-emerged category, the highest bi. Jul 14, 2024 · Around 180,000 pounds-force or 800,000 newtons will be exerted if a human weighing 80 kg generates a velocity close to that of a bullet, i. The jaw elevator muscles develop the main forces used in mastication. Newton's second law of motion. Previous bite force estimates for juvenile T. The force generated during routine mastication of food such as carrots or meat is about 70 to 150 newtons (16 to 34 lbf ). By contrast, you might tear into a steak with 150 to 200 The average bite force of a jaguar is between 7 and 10 MPa, while the average bite force of a leopard is between 800 and 1000 Newtons. So, how do snapping turtles cut off fingers with such a weak jaw? The thing is, not all snapping turtles have such a weak bite force. The force exerted by an object equals mass times acceleration of that object: F = m ⋅ a \small F = m \cdot a F = m ⋅ a. Bite force varied widely in the dogs, increased slightly with body weight but was independent of the head configuration and jaw adductor muscle mass. One newton is equal to about 0. 0. These forces are roughly what you’d expect Apr 13, 2018 · The test was performed in 22 dogs, weighing between 7 and 55 kg, and bite force was found to range from 13 to 1,394 Newtons (N), with a mean value of 256 N. However, this is an approximation based on body mass “newton” is the international unit of force. An ancient, 1-metric-ton fish nearly as long as a school bus had a bite more powerful than nearly everything alive today, a new study reveals. 3 Newtons = 0. The difference is made by the snapping turtle’s sharp beak which creates a very high pressure May 14, 2020 · The force ranges of bite force values for the subadult group compared with the adult group and juvenile group revealed that subadults possess a bite force pattern more similar to adults but generate bite force values lower in magnitude than adult values (Table 2). This suggests that although subadults possess a dental configuration more similar Jun 22, 2010 · In order to investigate the “weak bite” hypothesis, the researchers used CT-scanned specimens to create three-dimensional models of the skulls of a white-handed gibbon, orangutan, chimpanzee Maximum bite force quantifies the potential force that can be ex-erted during a chewing bout and provides a gauge of jaw muscle activity and functioning (Koc et al. 19 reported that mean maximum voluntary and nocturnal bite force may increase as high as 774. 22 Pound-force: 5 Newtons = 1. They’re generally friendly, but factors like stress, fear, or playfulness can trigger nips. 2 newtons. rex could have bitten through thick bone and probably whatever else it wanted to attack. (Interestingly, the dog you'd expect to see on this list, the pit bull, can only muster a bite force of 250 PSI, about the same as a full-grown human. Feb 29, 2012 · The Bite Force of a T. 7443 Pound-force: 10000 Newtons = 2248. Bite force varies greatly among individuals, but you won’t find English bulldogs at the top of bite force lists. 09 Pound-force: 4 Newtons = 0. 9 N) (p<0. Dec 7, 2010 · Bite forces (N, Newtons) in unilateral bites at the canine, second premolar and second molar. Jan 26, 2024 · Also, for your reference, a lion has a bite force of around 650 psi, while a human has an average bite force of 162 psi. the P4/dp4 bite point yielded the highest biteforce, while in the M3-emerged category, th. After all, the leopard is capable of taking large chunks out of a carcass, while the jaguar’s strength is mainly The maximum bite force depends on anthropometric characteristics such as age and gender of patients [2]. Lions have a powerful bite, estimated at about 1000 psi or 4450 newtons. A note from Cleveland Clinic. This enabled these monster sharks to munch . e. Archives of Oral Biology . Mar 1, 2023 · The estimated bite force of megalodons is between 108,514 and 182,201 Newtons (24,395 and 40,960 pound-force), according to the Natural History Museum. Bull Sharks are known for being aggressive, swift, and powerful hunters. pygmaeus, and 1. In fact, they enjoy using their strong bite and hundreds of teeth for eating larger mammals such as seals or sea Mar 9, 2012 · Here, we build on existing models to estimate bite forces and occlusal stresses in a large sample of nonhuman primate and hominin skulls. Bite force quotient ( BFQ) is a numerical value commonly used to represent the bite force of an animal, while also taking factors like the animal's size into account. Including provoked attacks, they are the most likely shark species to bite a human being. , 760 m/s in 75 milliseconds. Nov 23, 2016 · (For reference, the human bite is about 340 newtons at most. Striped hyenas are around the same size as the brown species. This bite force is weaker compared to what an average adult human would bite. Bite Force in Numbers: While it’s challenging to pin down an exact figure due to variability among individuals and methods used, African Wild Dogs have been estimated to exert a bite force of around 317 pounds / 144 kg of pressure (1415 Newtons). Force (MVBF). This might not be the strongest among carnivores, but it’s certainly potent enough to bring 1. 45 (rounded). Jun 27, 2017 · The range of a human jaw biting force is 50–800N. The bite force of a lion has been estimated to be around 1000 pounds per square inch (psi) or 4450 newtons, making it the strongest terrestrial mammal. Feb 29, 2012 · Previous studies estimated T. By measuring bilaterally, i. 3. The study of masticatory force in patients For example, a lion can get up to 4450 Newtons per every bite. 1016/0003-9969(93)90198-U Apr 5, 2022 · This animal has a bite force that is enough to break a wooden broomstick or the finger of a human being without any hassle. That's greater than the bite of almost any animal on land May 25, 2024 · Compared to other animals, human’s bite force might as well be considered gumming. If a Rottweiler’s bite force was measured and scored 2,000 newtons, that would mean a 450 Budgies might bite due to various behaviors or reactions to their environment. Dec 1, 2023 · The average bite force of a gray wolf, scientifically known as Canis lupus, is estimated to be around 400 pounds per square inch (psi). Jun 7, 2019 · English Mastiff (500 PSI) The largest dogs in the world, mastiffs can tip the scales at over 200 pounds—and these canines have bites to match, wielding a force of 500 pounds per square inch. rex. Jun 22, 2010 · The results revealed that human skulls, far from being weak, are quite tough and unusually efficient for their size. Also known as the laughing hyena, the spotted hyena ( Crocuta crocuta) has the strongrest-recorded bite of all carnivorous mammals— 4,500 Newtons or 1,011 pounds of force. May 14, 2020 · The force ranges of bite force values for the subadult group compared with the adult group and juvenile group revealed that subadults possess a bite force pattern more similar to adults but generate bite force values lower in magnitude than adult values (Table 2). Feb 3, 2010 · Human bones are incredibly strong, but as we know they can break. In a 2012 study published in the journal PLOS One, researchers investigated the bite force of captive saltwater crocodiles. 22 pounds of bite force. However, this does not necessarily mean that the jaguar is the stronger or more powerful animal. 2404 Pound-force: 50000 Newtons = 11240. 1 N) (p>0. The adult snapping turtles have a bite force of between 208 to 226 Newtons. Using data on the monk parakeet, a close relative, a budgie’s bite force is estimated at approximately ≈5 Newtons. , 2010). First, let’s talk about how scientists measure bite force . Our second molars can exert a bite force between 1,100 and 1,300 Newtons, beating the orang-utan, gibbon and Australopithecus but lagging behind the gorilla, chimp and Paranthropus. simultaneously on the left and right side, it is possible to quantify asymmetries. Mar 15, 2012 · The "winners"—saltwater crocodiles—slammed their jaws shut with 3,700 pounds per square inch (psi), or 16,460 newtons, of bite force. rexes — were considerably less, about 4,000 newtons. Lions possess a formidable weapon in their arsenal: a powerful bite. Currently, there is a lack of bite force sensors combining a low The hardest bite recorded ever was of common toad-headed turtle’s bite that measured 435 Newtons. gorilla is more than 3. 7×13 mm) mesial implant was placed, and after healing, a new fixed partial denture was fabricated and delivered (Figures 2 and 3). Especially force asymmetries are potential indicators for malfunctions such as temporo-mandibular disorders or dysgnathia. 4 newtons to 1,765. 82 Newton (N Oct 31, 2021 · Bite force is an important characteristic of the masticatory systems functional state. Gray Wolf: 493. pounds as a measure of Nov 17, 2019 · A thin bite-force transducer with three-dimensional capabilities reveals a consistent change in bite-force direction during human jaw-muscle endurance tests. For some perspective, a human bite will commonly max out at around 150 Newtons. May 3, 2023 · This systematic review aimed to assess bite force measurements in children and. For comparison, normal chewing exerts 70 pounds per square inch. -f), or 2000 psi. The maximum bite force at the intercuspal position between the first molars in 3 seconds was registered and recorded with piezoelectric gnathodynamometer. 32 kgf] BFQ: 127. They have a BFQ of 92. Their massive size of 11 ft (3. Shorter jaws Sep 1, 2017 · IDDK is a digital dynamometer with a capacity of 1000 N [ 27] or 100 kg force [ 5 ]. 5 Newton [50. no zz hp zp zw hr kl od ks kq