Click Organize again and then click Select all, or press the Ctrl and A keys at the same time. Yes, they can, and should be, deleted periodically. Apr 12, 2019 · 1. -. vhdx in the 'OneDrive Temp' folder, so large that I only have 45GB space left. If you’ve updated Windows 11 with all updates, you can lose the update files stored in these locations: C:\Windows > SoftwareDistribution > Downloads. Run Disk Mar 28, 2014 · 2. Each program should delete all its temporary files when it closes, but for various reasons it doesn't always happen (for example, if the program crashes, it never gets to do Aug 30, 2020 · Everything Else Disk Cleanup Can Delete. Windows Update and Windows upgrade leftover files. sudo rm -ri *. For example, if you upgraded from Windows 7 to Windows 10 a copy will be kept at the root of the hard disk in a folder called Windows. copy them to a folder somewhere of your choice and compress them if you are desperate for space. Method 3. Jun 5, 2023 · Likely safe locations to delete files and folders from: C:\Users > username > AppData > Local > CrashDumps. It can delete temporary files and system files, empty the Recycle Bin, and remove a variety of other items that you might no longer need. So as a test I uninstalled all adobe products that I am aware of from my PC and I am still getting the temp file under C/ProgramData/Adobe. From Tomcat's perspective, it is also safe to delete Aug 21, 2023 · Use the keyboard shortcut Windows key + R to open the Run dialog. To delete temporary files: In the search box on the taskbar, type disk cleanup, and select Disk Cleanup from the list of results. files Disk Cleanup has left behind. I would leave prefetch as is, since deleting it might actually degrade the performance of the system. Type %temp% and click OK. Remove – Remove the selected images from the catalog. Jan 18, 2022 · The Temp folder is the one that includes many of the temporary files on your PC. That will open File Explorer to the Temp folder, click one item in the folder, and hit Yes, they can, and should be, deleted periodically. Disk Cleanup finds tmp files in several locations. In the search bar, start typing privacy then you will be able to see a tab history and trash. Right click on the file and click on Properties. I also accidentally used my project's directory as my build location. Alternatively, you can also click “Cleanup recommendations” and then click “See advanced options” to end up on the same “ Temporary files ” settings page. Windows key + R >> Execute, write command: %temp% + Enter, will open a new window where you will select all the files (Ctrl + A) >> Shift + Del to permanently erase the computer, with this command the files they don't go to the recycle bin. Regards, Manas. Jul 26, 2018 · warning! this command will delete the Temp folder itself so you will not have C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Temp exists after command is executed. Type in %temp% and hit enter. Windows 10 and 11 users can manage Temp files with Storage feature: Step 1. Earlier versions of Windows: Choose Start to bring Aug 3, 2021 · Press Windows + R on your keyboard to launch the Run dialog box. Under the “Local Disk” section, click the Temporary files option. Set the time period when to clean temporary files. Old. NET/" you want to delete. Note: Some of these files too can include older installations of Windows. Delete the files. Feb 27, 2023 · Are you running out of space on your Windows PC? Here are a few ways to delete temporary files on Windows 11 and reclaim some storage. Temporary internet files and May 25, 2022 · Follow the steps below to use the tool to delete old Windows Update files. C:\Users (username)\AppData\Local\Temp enter image description here The AppData folder would look something like this. Folders won't be deleted if there's stuff in them, i. Now toggle clean temporary files option to yes. Tick the box next to it and click “OK”, then click “Delete Files”. Jun 4, 2024 · The temp folder will open. The problem I'm having is that the items don't seem to leave this folder. Step 2: Navigate to the Temp folder. Select the types of cache you want to clear, such as temporary files, downloads, or the recycle bin. Leaving too much in your TEMP folder will slow Windows. TIP: To select all files in a folder, you can use the Ctrl + A keyboard shortcut. Nov 30, 2017 · The temp folder provides workspace for programs. Sep 28, 2023 · Key Takeaways. You are done. Under the Local Disk (C:) section, click on Temporary files. Programs can create temporary files there for their own temporary use. Now type TEMP and click OK. Since I last posted this on September 14, its created 8. drivedownload folders. Scroll down to the bottom and click clean. Sep 9, 2021 · This screen looks pretty much the same on older versions of Windows. Hi there, The AdobeTemp folder under Windows is used by Creative Cloud desktop app and other Adobe apps for saving temporarily available updates or complete application downloads while the download and install process is going on through CC desktop app. If you want it interactively (so you need to confirm deleting): cd /tmp/. Open System and navigate to Storage. Locate the CAB file (s), right-click on it, and select Delete. Step 2 The folder that keeps your temporary files will open. As a result, I cannot make manual backups to an external hard drive. Type %Temp% in Run, and click the OK button Aug 19, 2023 · Clearing the cache in Windows 10 can help troubleshoot system issues, improve performance, and free up disk space. Oct 4, 2023 · To delete temporary files on a Windows 11 PC, follow these steps: On your computer, go to Settings. @NineTails First, stop the app pool associated with the app folder under "/Temporary ASP. Click on Storage. Then, tick the Temporary files and click "OK" to delete it. When you are using some editing software May 29, 2024 · Step 5: Choose Files to Delete. Dec 15, 2022 · Open Settings on Windows 10. Whatever you use to detect them, should give info about what it found. Here are the types of temp files Disk Cleanup can remove: Temporary setup and program files, and other . tmp. This article describes the best ways you can clear junk files from your PC, plus the pros and cons of doing so. For each file you want to remove, you need to run the following command to empty the file and then run the above query to remove the file: USE [tempdb]; GO. Use Disk Cleanup to clear temporary files cache. Type PREFETCH and click OK. Yes, you can because some of those old files can become corrupt. Temporary files lists the types of temporary files Windows can delete and allows you to select from a list. . You can manually erase the data in that folder via File Explorer. Each program should delete all its temporary files when it closes, but for various reasons it doesn't always happen (for example, if the program crashes, it never gets to do Dec 30, 2021 · On the Desktop, press the Windows + R hotkeys simultaneously to open Run. Using this recommended method. Now, select all the files using the Ctrl + A keyboard shortcut and delete them. Otherwise, it will keep a lock on it. You can select various types of temporary files like system cache, recycle bin items, and more. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Go to Security tab and click on Edit. The Local/Temp folder for your user account contains useful logs like amt3 Jan 4, 2022 · First, press the Windows 11 keyboard shortcut “ Win + R ” to open the Run prompt. Oct 14, 2020 · 1 Correct answer. Or follow the “Free up space now” link to view and remove the temporary files. Under the "Local Disk (C:)" section, click the "Temporary files" item. Select the temporary files you want to remove. TMP files. Step 3: Now click on “Temporary files”, under the “Local Disk (C:)” section. will empty the /tmp/ directory and remove all files and subdirectories. WriteLine(File. Select all temporary files (and tmp file folders) and click on the “Delete” Jun 23, 2021 · using autoremove. I use it instead of "Empty Feb 4, 2024 · Click on the “Windows” icon, type “%temp%” in the search bar, and click on the temporary files folder. Go to Settings > System > Storage to delete temporary files. Once the scan is finished, select the files you want to delete and click Remove files. Now select Preferences (Windows)> Media Cache and Settings (macOS) > Media Cache. Old CHKDSK files. Dec 3, 2012 · Yes, you can safely delete the temp folder. May 20, 2024 · Press the Windows Key + i to open the Settings app. Click Delete. " Sep 25, 2013 · The temp folder under Windows is used by CC for saving temporarily available updates or complete application downloads while the download and install process is going on through CC desktop app. These files help the computer runs smoothly when you use related programs or tasks. After the scan is done, click on “Clean up system files”. You may find that a few of the things there can't be deleted because they're in use by currently running programs, but the majority of them can be Mar 7, 2022 · As the name suggests, temporary files are the kind of files that store temporary data that is created by Windows itself or the programs that users use. Alternatively, you can go to the Photo Menu > Delete Rejected Photos. The Local/Temp folder for your user account contains useful logs like amt3 May 23, 2023 · Select Edit > Preferences (Windows) > Media Cache or Premiere Pro > Settings (macOS) > Media Cache. Step 1: Open Settings by pressing Win + I. Better yet, you can use an old Apr 16, 2020 · Step 1 Open the Run dialog box on your PC by pressing the Windows + R key combination. Click on history and trash. The rest I have no knowledge of. Some examples of Windows utilities include: TFCLEANUP. Apr 23, 2021 · Many users wonder if it is really safe to delete temp files from their Windows system. Press WIN+I to launch the Settings app. Then hit Enter. Setup logs. Bring up Run with Win + R. Click on System. Hit the Windows key, then open the Settings menu. tmp items. If you need to free up more space, you can also delete system files: In Disk cleanup, select Clean up system files. I've read the threads that I can find Once you’ve marked all the images as rejected, press Ctrl + Delete ( Cmd + Delete on Mac) to bring up the dialogue box with 2 options. Simultaneously press the Windows + R hotkeys to open Run. Windows update and service pack files can sometimes use a lot of space. Join the discussion and learn more about the pros and cons of deleting temp files. Is it safe to delete some or all of these files as they are only "temp" files? Click the start button and type in the explorer box, disk cleanup, and hit the enter key. Aug 14, 2015 · Yes you can delete temporary windows installation files. But some things--like "Windows ESD Installation Files" on Windows 10--probably shouldn't be removed. Now, expand the Temporary Files option, and select the folders you wish to delete. They are also known as foo files and it has . Be careful to type it correctly. Select OK. At the same time, I'm unable to open many files that are synced with OneDrive. Press the Windows key and type in Disk cleanup recommendations. 1: Rick-click or tap-and-hold the Start button, then choose Run. The command pwd in there is not necessary but should show /tmp. Windows will scan your computer for files to delete. Click Yes in the confirmation prompt. Press Windows + R. 2. I've often deleted a lot of. Currently it's about 80GB in size, and it looks like when the sync is stopped and started again, more copies of the same items end up in the temp directory. Open Temporary files. i would if i could, i cant find them?! ive been looking for a long time. Mar 19, 2024 · Step 5: Choose Cache to Clear. Release the Ctrl key when done. But Photoshop also uses massive temporary cache files, many over a gigabyte each, which don't always go away as they should when you close the program. I cannot delete the vhdx file; Windows says it is 'in use by System'. Step 1. Type powershell and press Enter. In Windows 11, go to Settings > System > Storage and select Temporary files. Use the Settings menu. These programs can search your hard disk for temp files and remove the ones you don't need, saving hard disk space. e. In c:\windows/temp there are files totalling over 1. You can also drag it over to the Recycle Bin. Easy Erase File Cleaner. Windows 8. Checkmark all the files you want to delete, then click on the Remove files button. Check the boxes for the temporary cache files you want deleted, then click "Remove Files. Select the Windows Update Cleanup and Delivery Optimization Files checkboxes. Select the ones you want to clean up, including the Temporary Internet Files, and click the “ Remove files ” button. In Command Prompt window, you can type rd %temp% /s /q command or type rd “C:\Users\Username\AppData\Local\Temp” /s /q command to remove the Temp folder in Windows 10. It’s always a good idea to review what you’re about to delete to avoid removing something important by accident. 7. Disk cleanup in Windows. you can safely delete any files in Temp not dated today. Again, pick the C: drive and click “OK”. Nov 16, 2023 · Issue: How to avoid Revit filling up the hard drive with temp files. Deleting work means any JSPs there were compiled on-the-fly will need to be re-compiled on next access. Disk Cleanup is actually quite conservative in what it deletes. Disk Cleanup delete whatever Temp files it wishes. Press the Ctrl + A keys to select all the files in the folder. Feb 2, 2022 · Click Storage; Turn on Storage Sense and click Change how space is automatically freed up; Then, in the options for changing the way in which space is automatically freed, check that the temporary files option is activated and select how often temporary files are deleted (You can change it to: Every day); Tip for using the Temp folder cleanup Sep 3, 2013 · Next to it on the desktop is a . The TEMP folder will open, please permanently delete all files inside the folder, if some files are not deleted it will be normal as they may be in use. Jun 6, 2024 · Open Disk Cleanup by searching for it in the Windows search bar. Step 4: Check the boxes for the types of files you want to remove. Step 3. Pls provide me a suggestion . (see screenshot below) 4 Click/tap on Temporary Windows does not delete files from this directory itself however if you choose "Disk cleanup" in the properties of the drive it will include a clean up of these files. Select the drive you want to clean up, and then select OK. That said, it's worth noting that every time you open a project in the Unity editor, a temp folder is created. Select all of the folder's files. May 26, 2021 · Click on the “Temporary files”, Windows will scan and display all the temp files on your computer. Press Ctrl + A and click Delete. Method 2: You may try giving full permission to the specific files in the temp folder. You can tick or untick items to remove them from the selection. sudo rm -r *. Muppet among Puppets May 23, 2015 @ 2:40am. See ways to speed up Windows 10 safely and effectively: Tips for Speeding Up Windows 10 to Run Faster - groovyPost. Mar 15, 2023 · Right-click Recycle Bin and choose Empty Recycle Bin. If you are one of them, you can find some possible solutions in this Microsoft Community thread, where other users share their experiences and tips. Click System. Dec 22, 2020 · using (var tmp = new TempFile()) path = tmp. " When you're prompted to confirm, select "Continue" and your cache will be cleared. Exists(path)); Now when the TempFile is disposed or garbage-collected the file is deleted (if possible). Open the Start Menu, type Disk Cleanup, and select "Run as administrator" check "Temporary files" and "Temporary Internet Files" to clean the files on the Temp folder. It will evaluate your disk and give you a list of folders sizes that can be deleted, there is also a system So , is it safe to delete contents in temp folder , which is located in Appdata folder . Apr 8, 2020 · 1 Open Settings, and click/tap on the System icon. find is used to find files that match certain criteria. Press Ctrl+ A to select all files. Type temp and click OK. Press the DELETEkey, and then click Yeswhen the User Account Control window appear to confirm. an open file explorer creates a temp file, browser files that are currently open. " Clear DNS cache by opening Command Prompt as an admin and running the command "ipconfig /flushDNS. 4Diskclean. Type in Remove-item [file path] -recurse, replacing [file path] with the actual path of the file or folder you wish to permanently delete. (see screenshot below) 3 Click/tap on the drive (ex: "C") you want to delete temporary files from. -mtime +7 only selects files that are older than 7 days (you may use any other value) -exec fuser -s {} ';' calls fuser in silent mode for every file that matches the Jan 7, 2015 · Even 3GB would be an awful lot, but yes, you can let. Simply select all the files in the folder and press ‘Delete’ on your keyboard. In doubt, dont delete what you dont know. You can also access it on your Windows 10 PC via the shortcut button below, then choose Temporary files. Run Disk Cleanup or CCleaner to delete even more junk files. Press Windows key + R. Type in %Temp% and hit Enter or click OK. Then its up to you to check what files they are. Mar 18, 2024 · Deleting temporary files in Windows 10 is a simple process that can lead to better system performance and free up valuable storage space. Here, type %temp% and hit Enter. 34GB worth of temp storage. Sep 18, 2014 · Once there, you can manually delete files and subfolders. 5 gigabytes. on your SSD. DBCC SHRINKFILE (LogicalName, EMPTYFILE); GO. Jan 31, 2019 · Just search "File explorer options" then click on the view tab and find hidden files option and enable it. Click the Remove files button. Jul 5, 2017 · Windows 10 says my temporary files have 5. Connect your removable media to your device. If you just add a file and there is no ongoing activity in the file then it would allow to remove the file this way. Seems safe to delete. Note: To delete all media cache, select File > Close All Projects. Create a BAT file. enter image description here Now go the Temp folder where these extra files are there. #5. Think of it as a little spring cleaning for your computer, even if it’s not spring. May 12, 2020 · There is a very large Virtual Hard Disc file called {94339EA8-ED5A-4998-AFAA-5F1E10C9835E}. You might want to try something like that: find /tmp -mtime +7 -and -not -exec fuser -s {} ';' -and -exec echo {} ';'. pwd. Open the Storage settings page. bat file recreates the folders if they were deleted as well. That’s quite a quick method, and this is how you can manually delete the Temp folder’s contents. My brand new laptop came with Windows 10 Home 64bit. 0: Access Run from the Apps screen. Jul 1, 2020 · Follow these seven steps for how to delete temporary files in Windows: If you have Windows 10, Select the Cortana search box to the right of the Start button on the taskbar. And when you close Unity, any temporary files will be deleted. Type %TEMP% and click If you want to delete temp update file files: go to the c: drive. Make sure to check “temporary update files”. See a similar thread here. Related: The 4 Best Free Tools to Analyze Apr 7, 2024 · To delete a file or folder, click it once to select it, and then press the delete key on your keyboard. Method 2 : We can clean the temporary files automatically. Files that are in use cannot be deleted. Jun 21, 2022 · Windows 11. While using the delete option, you can press Shift Select Start > Settings > System > Storage > Cleanup recommendations . The temp folder provides workspace for programs. Click Storage. The Disk Cleanup tool included with Windows can quickly erase various system files and free up disk space. Exists(path)); Console. Each program should delete all its temporary files when it closes, but for various reasons it doesn't always happen (for example, if the program crashes, it never gets to do this). Open Storage. I'm summary, you can delete most of these files here excluding ones made in the past 24 hours (these may still be important) Jun 15, 2011 · If you want to delete many temp files at once, several programs are available that will automate the process for you. The instructions apply to Windows, but many of these Jul 14, 2019 · From the Windows Start button, click the gear-shaped Settings icon. To improve your PC's performance and to keep it decluttered, you should Jun 12, 2023 · Windows 10 and Windows 11 include helpful tools like Storage Sense to help you free up disk space. In this Microsoft Community forum, you can find answers from experts and other users who share their experiences and tips on how to clean up your disk space without causing any problems. Click System → Storage. 2 Click/tap on Storage on the left side, and click/tap on the View storage usage on other drives link under More storage settings on the right side. Step 3: Delete the Files. Check the boxes next to the types of temporary files you want to delete, then click Remove files. So if you delete the entire folder nothing bad will happen. Thereafter, try to delete the files. Go to “ Temporary files . Select the files you want to delete and click "Clean Up System Files. If not, proceed to the next method. Is it safe to delete these two Windows via Disk Cleanup? We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Please be careful though, this folder can actually be useful if you need to Are you running out of space on your C: drive because of temporary Google Drive files? Find out why this happens and how to fix it in this thread. Apr 5, 2020 · Many Windows 10 users have encountered the problem of not being able to delete temporary files, which can take up a lot of disk space and slow down the system. Mar 28, 2024 · 1. Type in ‘Prefetch’ and press Enter on your keyboard. Mar 19, 2024 · Open the Temp folder. Here’s how to remove temporary files, uninstall apps, and more. Deleting logs means you lose the ability to use the logs to investigate old issues. Jan 18, 2015 · 1. 3. Select the System section, then navigate to Storage. Nov 21, 2013 · cd /tmp/. The %TEMP% folder will be opened, please permanently delete all files inside the folder, if some files are not deleted it will be normal as they may be in use. Click on Add. Click on the Free up space now option. Jan 4, 2023 · To delete temporary files from the computer, use these steps: Open Settings. #6. You can clear the temp folder though. Select the temporary files, unused files, files synced to the cloud, or unused apps you want to remove, then select the Clean up button for each section. temp as an extension. And if you can't delete some then a program you are running is running those temp files so just leave those alone. Yes it's definitely safe. You’ll see a list of temporary file categories. driveupload and . Adobe Photoshop is taking up more room than you think. Open File Explorer from the taskbar and find the files you want to move. 16 GB of temporary files. Oct 4, 2019 · 1. In September, 2106, there was a major update done on Windows 10 by MS. Press the CTRL+ Akeys at the same time to select all the . Click on ‘Continue’ when prompted to access the prefetch folder. With the mouse, click the files that you want to select. Next, navigate to the Cleanup recommendations section under Storage Management. The Local/Temp folder for your user account contains useful logs like amt3, oobelib and PDApp logs which can be used by Adobe technical support for Aug 28, 2023 · Press Ctrl + A to select all files. Once selected, click ‘Remove files’ to delete them. Clean temp files via Storage. Step 2. Select disk cleanup. Path; Console. Again simultaneously press the Windows + R shortcut keys to open Run. The Temp folder will open, CTRL+A to select all and CTRL+DEL to delete all files, some files and folders will give you issues (permission etc. After making your selection(s), click Remove files at the top to delete those types of Oct 25, 2015 · Search for Disk cleanup from the taskbar and select it from the list of results. bat file I created that deletes the Ntemp folder and the ACR folder, and, in the same . Mar 28, 2024 · Press Windows + E to open File Explorer, paste the following path in the address bar, and then hit Enter: C:\Windows\Temp. Jun 28, 2024 · Method 1: Delete Temporary Files in Windows Using System Settings. Mar 15, 2024 · How to Delete Temporary Files in Windows 10 Using CMD. 8. It is safe to empty logs and work when Tomcat is not running although there are risks to doing so. Using File Explorer (Manual Method) Use “Storage sense” to automatically delete temporary files. ) You can also use a program like CCleaner to do regularly cleanups of this area. After that, I noticed System Restore turned off, Restore Points deleted and Temporary (4GB) and Previous Windows Installation (19GB) Files created. All of the ones that you need, the programs will create new ones. Update Date. You could obviously use this as tightly-scoped as you like, or in a collection somewhere. If you have just a handful of these, you can always manually delete the Windows temp CAB files from File Explorer in no Apr 14, 2017 · Step 2: Close All Adobe Programs. Check if the targeted files are deleted. Click on the Temporary files section. Mar 18, 2022 · You can use Disk Cleanup to reduce the number of unnecessary files on your drives, which can help your PC run faster. Press your computer's Del key, or click Organize and then click Delete in the drop-down menu. Select the Settings tab. Type %TEMP% and click OK. When it opens, type in the following text and press Enter. ”. Once you complete the steps, junk files will be removed from your computer, freeing up space for more important files. Click Start or the search box, type cmd, right-click Command Prompt, and select Run as administrator. Delete Temp Files on Windows 7 Manually – Step 1. Using Command Sep 14, 2021 · Anyway, the general rule is you can delete Temp files without causing much harm. Here is what each option will do. Learn from other users' experiences and solutions on how to delete or move the . Jan 6, 2022 · Here’s how to permanently delete files in Windows 10 through PowerShell: Press the Windows key + R together to open the Run command window. You can select multiple files by pressing the Ctrl key and keeping it pressed. Sep 12, 2022 · Some of these methods are as follows: Using Windows Settings. Sofisticagata May 23, 2015 @ 2:40am. For the most part, the items in Disk Cleanup are safe to delete. Open the Windows 11 settings menu and go to System > Storage > Temporary Files. It will open the Windows Temp folder location in your user directory. If you still have files lingering in the temp folder, they Jul 23, 2023 · Open Run. ) just " Skip " and make sure to check the Apply for all files so that it won't ask you again. USE [tempdb]; Jan 13, 2012 · Report abuse. Nov 3, 2012 · 24. Open start bar and turn to "Settings" > "System" > "Storage". Click “ Temporary files. C:\ProgramData > Microsoft > Windows > WER > ReportArchive. Step 5: Click “Remove files” to clear the cache. Select the Storage tab from the left sidebar. Right click and select properties. #7. Aug 25, 2021 · This storage can be system files too; There is another method of removing temp files; Press Windows key + R and type: %TEMP% and press Enter; Delete all files from the folder; Press Windows key + R and type: TEMP and press Enter; Delete all files from the folder; Press Windows key + R and type: Prefetch and hit Enter; Click Continue; May 12, 2023 · Select the target drive and click“OK”. Find “Previous Windows installations” in the list. Feb 8, 2023 · Find the file you want to delete, and click or tap on it to select it. Pick the C: drive and click “OK”. Afterward, select the Remove files button at the top of the page. Jan 31, 2024 · Deleting the files on the Temp folder will not affect your saved passwords and favorites, you can delete them securely using Disk Cleanup tool. Under Files to delete, select the file types to get rid of. Further, it's a good idea to delete these before doing an install of new software since these old temporary files can sometimes cause installation problems. Step 2: Go to System > Storage. Click button named “Remove files” located at the top of the list. Learn how to clear your temp files and free up some space on your PC. You will now be in the prefetch folder. But you probably can’t delete all of them. The option to cleanup updates helps reduce the size of the component store. To get a description of the file type, select it. Jul 9, 2013 · via Disk Cleanup (which does not delete all the files), but if you want to, go ahead and. 4. (Make sure to never click "compress old files" in that dialog. In this step, you have the option to choose which categories of temporary files you want to remove. Double-click the folder to do so. You can view and tick the items you want to delete permanently. Once you start the app pool back up and hit the app again, the files will be regenerated. Nov 30, 2015 · Delete files using Disk Cleanup. To remove media cache files, click the Delete button next to Remove Media Cache Files. hh mo vk tt ae ml av ib mh em